GEO´_Insights™ Life in Modern day Iran To receive the full Report direct to your inbox please Click Here to Register Free Introduction Iran, [Persia] and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran since 1979 is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km 2 (636,372 sq mi), making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Geography Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance. Government Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran, and the largest and most popul...